第一天
- GBK
- UTF-8
- 格式转换
从默认的utf-8转换成gbk
s = "你好"s_gbk = s.encode("gbk")print(s_gbk)print(s.encode())gbk_to_utf8 = s_gbk.decode("gbk").encode("utf-8")print("utf8",gbk_to_utf8)
调用sys模块，查看当前的编码，解码成gbk，再重新编码成utf-8
import sysprint(sys.getdefaultencoding())s = u"你好"print(s)#s_to_unicode = s.decode("utf-8")s_to_gbk = s.encode("gbk")print(s_to_gbk)#print(s_to_unicode)gbk_to_utf8 = s_to_gbk.decode("gbk").encode("utf-8")print(gbk_to_utf8)
utf-8转换成gb2312不能直接转，需要通过gbk中转
s = "你哈"print(s.encode("gbk"))print(s.encode("utf-8"))print(s.encode("utf-8").decode("utf-8").encode("gb2312").decode("gb2312"))
小结：编码转换的关键在于，utf-8和gb2312不能直接转换，需要通过中间编码（gbk）进行中转
第二天
- 文件的读写
- 循环输出文件
- 找到文件的具体位置
- 刷新
- with语句
seek():移动文件读取指针到指定位置
tell():返回文件读取指针的位置
seek()的三种模式：
（1）f.seek(p,0) 移动当文件第p个字节处，绝对位置
（2）f.seek(p,1) 移动到相对于当前位置之后的p个字节
（3）f.seek(p,2) 移动到相对文章尾之后的p个字节
#data=open("yesterday",encoding="utf-8").read()f = open("yesterday2",'a',encoding="utf-8")f.write("\nwhen i was a young man i paly coumpter\n")data=f.read()f.close''''''f=open("yesterday",'r+',encoding="utf-8")print(f.readline())print(f.readline())print(f.readline())f.write("---------diao-------")print(f.readline())''''''f = open("yesterday2","w+",encoding="utf-8")f.write("---------diao-------\n")f.write("---------diao-------\n")f.write("---------diao-------\n")print(f.tell())f.seek(10)#找到第十行print(f.tell())print(f.readline())f.write("print test file!")f.close()'''f = open("yesterday2","wb")#二进制f.write("hello binary\n".encode())f.close()'''print(f.tell())print(f.readline())print(f.readline())print(f.readline())print(f.tell())f.seek(10)#转到第十行print(f.readline())print(f.encoding)print(f.fileno())print(f.flush())#实时刷新print(dir(f.buffer))'''#f.truncate(20)#截断20个，使用a追加#for i in range(5): # print(f.readline())#print(f.readlines())#high bige'''count = 0for line in f: if count == 9: print('------ 我是分割线------') count +=1 continue print(line)#效率最高 count+=1'''#low loop'''for index,line in enumerate(f.readlines()): print(line.strip()) if index == 9: print('-----我是分割线-----') continue'''
利用刷新制作进度条
import sys,timefor i in range(20): sys.stdout.write("#") sys.stdout.flush() time.sleep(0.1)
利用sys模块 进行替换内容
import sysf = open("yesterday","r",encoding="utf-8")f_new =open("yesterday.bak","w",encoding="utf-8")find_str = sys.argv[1]replace_str = sys.argv[2]for line in f: if find_str in line: line = line.replace(find_str,repalce_str) f_new.write(line)f.close()f_new.close()
同时打开两个文件
with open("yesterday","r",encoding="utf-8") as f,\ open("yesterday2","r",encoding="utf-8") as f2: for line in f: print(line)
第三天
- 集合的交并补
- 集合的添加
交集： list_1.intersection(list_2) 或者list_1 & list_2
并集： list_1.union(list_2) 或者 list_1 || list_2
差集： list_1.difference(list_2) 或者 list_1 - list_2
子集： list_1.issubset(list_2)
父集： list_1.issuperset(list_2)
对称差集：list_1。symmetric_difference(list_2) 或者 list_1 ^ list_2
list_1=[1,5,3,7,9,5,7]list_1=set(list_1)list_2=set([2,5,0,22,8,66,5,7])#无序#print(list_1,type(list_1))print(list_1,list_2)#交集print(list_1.intersection(list_2))#并集print(list_1.union(list_2))#差集print(list_1.difference(list_2))print(list_2.difference(list_1))#子集/父集list_3=set([1,3,7])print(list_1.issubset(list_2))print(list_1.issuperset(list_2))print(list_3.issubset(list_1))#对称差集print(list_1.symmetric_difference(list_2))print("---------")list_4=set([5,6,8])print(list_3.isdisjoint(list_4))#把list4加到list3中#intersectionprint(list_1&list_2)#unionprint(list_1|list_2)#differenceprint(list_1-list_2)#对称差集print(list_1^list_2)list_1.add(999)list_1.update([100,111,222])print(list_1)print(list_1.pop())list_1.remove("ddd")list_1.discard()
第四天
- 函数的定义
- 实参
- 形参
- 调用赋值
最基本的函数定义和输出
#函数def func1(): """testing1""" print('in the func1') return 0#过程def func2(): '''testing2''' print('in the func2')x = func1()y = func2()print('from func1 return is %s'%x)print('from func2 return is %s'%y)
使用time模块，按时间格式输出函数，用元组的方式返回多个值
import timedef logger(): time_format = '%Y-%m-%d %X' time_current = time.strftime(time_format) with open('a.txt','a+') as f: f.write('%s end action\n' %time_current)def test1(): print('in the test1') #logger()def test2(): print('in the test2') #logger() return 0def test3(): print('in the test3') #logger() return 1,'hello',['a','b','c'],{ 'name':'Louis'}t1=test1()t2=test2()t3=test3()print(t1)print(t2)print(t3)
关键字调用分为
位置关键字——直接输入值
关键关键字——使用赋值语句，但是得写在位置参数后面
def test(x,y,z): print(x) print(y) print(z)#test(y=2,x=1)#关键字调用，与形参顺序无关#test(1,2)#位置关键字#test(x=2,3)test(3,z=2,y=6)#关键参数不能写在位置参数前面
默认参数赋值，
def test(x,y=2): print(x) print(y)test(1)#默认参数特点：调用函数的时候，默认参数可有可无'''用途：1.默认安装值def test(x,sotf1=True,soft2=True): 2.数据库端口号def conn(host,port==3306):pass'''
小结：使用def定义函数，然后单独调用输出，返回return 0或者1，也可以返回元组。使用关键字参数赋值的时候，关键字参数得在位置关键字的后面
第五天
- args参数
- kwargs参数
- 全局变量和局部变量
1.*args的功能:------接收N个位置参数，转换成元组tuple形式
2.**kwargs的功能------接收N个关键字参数，转换成字典dict形式
3.位置参数一定要在关键字参数之前，也就是(*args，**kwargs)
def test(*args): print(args)test(1,2,3,4,5)test(*[1,2,3,4,5])# args=tuple([1,2,3,4,5])'''def test1(x,*args): print(x) print(args)test1(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)'''def test2(**kwargs): print(kwargs) print(kwargs['name']) print(kwargs['age']) print(kwargs['sex'])#把n个关键字转换成字典存储test2(name='louis',age=18,sex='M')#test2(**{'name':'louis','age':8})def test3(name,**kwargs): print(name) print(kwargs)test3('louis',age=18,sex='M')def test4(name,age=18,*args,**kwargs): print(name) print(age) print(args) print(kwargs) logger("TEST4")#args：接受n个位置参数，转换成元组的形式def logger(source): print("from %s"% source)test4('louis',age=34,sex='M',hobby='tesla')
全局变量的值在局部变量里能使用，局部变量的值出了局部变量就不能使用
在函数外不能修改函数内的值
school = "WuDa"names = ["louis","jack","Tom"]name_tuple = (1,2,3,4)def change(): names[0]="枫叶" name_tuple=(2,3,4,5) print("inside func",names) print(name_tuple)change()print(name_tuple)#print(names)# def change_name(name):# global school# school = "XDF"# print("before change ",name,school)# name = "louis"# print("after change",name)# name = "Louis"# change_name(name)# print(name)# print("School:",school)
第六天
- 递归调用
- 高阶函数
递归调用必须得有结束的地方，要不然会变成死循环一直消耗内存
def calc(n): print(n) if int(n/2)>0: return calc(int(n/2)) print("->",n)calc(10)
绝对值相加，高阶函数
def add(a,b,f): return f(a)+f(b)res = add(3,-6,abs)print(res)